Y2 - International Money and Finance

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1. 16.1 Introduction
2. 16.2 The snake in the tunnel
3. 16.3 The background to the EMS
4. 16.4 The ERM
5. 16.5 The ECU and its role as an indicator of divergence
6. 16.6 Financing facilities and monetary cooperation
7. 16.7 An assessment of the EMS; and 16.8 The EMS as an anti-inflation zone
8. 16.9 Intervention policy in the EMS
9. 16.10 The economic performance of ERM and non-ERM countries
10. 16.11 What is meant by economic and monetary union?
11. 16.12 Benefits of economic and monetary union; and 16.13 Costs of EMU
12. 16.14 A history of the road to EMU
13. 16.15 The Maastricht Treaty
14. 16.16 An evaluation of the Maastricht criteria
15. 16.17 The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP)
16. 16.18 The changeover to the single currency
17. 16.19 The performance of the euro in the foreign exchange market
18. 16.20 The euro system
19. 16.21 Failure of Stability and Growth Pact
20. 16.22 ERM II
21. 16.23 PIIGS and eurozone crisis
22. 16.24 Bailouts of Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain
23. 16.25 The Covered Bond Purchase Program
24. 16.26 The Securities Market Program
25. 16.27 The Long-term Refinancing Operation (LTRO)
26. 16.28 The Fiscal Compact
27. 16.29 The European Stability Mechanism
28. 16.30 Outright monetary transactions
29. 16.31 Proposals to resolve the European debt crisis